In-process monitoring in electrical machine manufacturing: A review of state of the art and future directions

Manual operations feature prominently in the manufacture of many electrical machines. Even though high-volume machine is dominated by automation, several manufacturing continue to involve manual intervention because complexity such makes them heavily reliant on high dexterity skills and experience. However, quality can be variable due human involvement. Currently, order maintain a precision control required tolerances final machine, inspection performed at various steps during assembly. Detecting defect these end-of-line tests result significant wasted time costs rework or scrappage. The solution this problem lies in-process monitoring particularly for error prone operations. This paper presents literature review state-of-the-art available techniques limitations process within context manufacturing. To quantify degree activities manufacture, structured survey UK based companies was conducted, identifying specific processes target, gaps inspection. identified that proportion are manual, semi-automated with interventions. revealed only limited research area. Finally, two case studies presented where study 1 framework digitisation variety tasks, 2 demonstrates real-time capture, modelling analysis deformable linear objects